blood pressure fluctuations - overview of causes

 from https://www.aspirus.org/press-room/blood-pressure-fluctuations-good-and-bad-4238:

Blood Pressure Fluctuations: Good and Bad

May is High Blood Pressure Education Month

• Published: 5/9/2022

People on blood pressure medication often record readings with a home monitor and in most cases the results show frequent fluctuations but few surprises.

When blood pressure is higher than usual, it is usually because salty foods have been eaten. When it goes too low, it could be because of not drinking enough water to make up for fluids lost because of diuretic medication.

“If there are some wider than normal fluctuations with no ready explanation, which can be a cause for concern and your primary care clinician or specialist can order some heart tests to provide valuable insight into the situation,” says Maria (Noel) Mercado, APNP, a nurse practitioner with Aspirus Stevens Point Clinic-Hoover Road.

Blood pressure represents the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels as it is pumped by the heart muscle. Your blood pressure should be 120/80 mm/Hg or lower; hypertension is defined as any reading of 140/90 or higher.

“It’s normal, of course, for a person’s blood pressure to rise and fall from minute to minute with changes in posture, exercise, stress, or sleep,” says Mercado. “As a result, health care professionals consider an average reading more important than that at any one time.”

There are many reasons for a short-term increase, these include…

• SALT: People who are salt sensitive will retain fluid after eating a very salty meal, resulting in a short-term weight gain and a rise in blood pressure. Persons with hypertension are advised to restrict their sodium intake, and many are prescribed diuretic medications to help establish fluid balance.
• STRESS: If you are stressed, emotionally or physically, your breathing gets quicker and deeper, your heart beats faster and your arteries constrict, making the heart work harder to pump blood throughout the body. The result is higher blood pressure. Everyone experiences occasional stress, but if you feel you are constantly battling stress, you might benefit from relaxation or stress reduction therapy.
• CAFFEINE: Caffeine is a stimulant, designed to get your system revved up. One cup will not affect your blood pressure; three or four cups might. If you have a home blood pressure monitor, take a reading before and after drinking coffee or tea, and see what happens. If you see a significant increase, then maybe you should cut back on your caffeine.
• MEDICATIONS: Some medications and supplements can increase your blood pressure or interfere with your blood pressure medications. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen can cause you to retain fluids and, as a result, contribute to high blood pressure. Decongestants and acetaminophen can also have a negative effect.
• CALCIUM/CHOLESTEROL DEPOSITS are the most common reason for hypertension. When arteries are narrowed or clogged, the heart must pump harder to get good circulation. High blood pressure and high cholesterol often go together.

“All of these can cause blood pressure to go up; dehydration can cause it to go down,” says Mercado. “What’s important is how high the blood pressure goes and how long it stays there and if the wide fluctuations continue, talk to your primary care clinician right away.”

In the United States, one out of every three deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease. Most who die suddenly from cardiovascular-related disease have no previous symptoms. Because of this, it is important to be aware of your heart health risks.

Learn your heart’s biological age and discover tips on risk factor reduction at https://www.aspirus.org/health-assessments.

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from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320180#when-to-see-a-doctor:

Hypoglycemia

One symptom of low blood sugar or hypoglycemia is a sudden numb or tingling feeling in the tongue or lips.

People with diabetes are particularly at risk, so should check their blood glucose levels and seek immediate treatment if they experience this sudden tingling.

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from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685:

[Hypoglycemia] Symptoms

If blood sugar levels become too low, hypoglycemia signs and symptoms can include:

• Looking pale
• Shakiness
• Sweating
• Headache
• Hunger or nausea
• An irregular or fast heartbeat
• Fatigue
• Irritability or anxiety
• Difficulty concentrating
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Tingling or numbness of the lips, tongue or cheek

As hypoglycemia worsens, signs and symptoms can include:

• Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
• Loss of coordination
• Slurred speech
• Blurry vision or tunnel vision
• Nightmares, if asleep

Severe hypoglycemia may cause:

• Unresponsiveness (loss of consciousness)
• Seizures

When to see a doctor

Seek medical help immediately if:

• You have what might be hypoglycemia symptoms and you don't have diabetes